We’ve all seen them – the supermarket split type air conditioners – at what seems like an incredible price.

But the old adage still remains true – “You get what you pay for”.

A good analogy for this is the cheap computer printer. It seems like such great value until you come to replace the ink cartridge – which often costs more than the printer itself!

Don’t get me wrong – we still happily sell the cheaper units – but it’s only responsible of us to inform you of the advantages and disadvantages of using price as your number one criteria for choosing a unit.

We prefer to substitute the word “price” with “value for money” – and this is when the “Inverter” type air conditioner suddenly starts looking attractive.

To put it simply – Inverters cost more money to buy, but are more efficient to run, which saves you money on your energy costs, which makes them better “value for money” over all.

Another advantage to Inverters is they are quieter than conventional “Fixed Speed” air con units due to the way they achieve their efficiency.

So whats the Difference?

What is a Fixed Speed Unit?

This unit only has a single speed compressor motor that is either on or off.

It works similar to a fan heater that switches off when the desired temperature is reached and on again when the temperature drops to a set level.

What does Inverter Mean?
Inverter technology uses a variable speed compressor motor similar to a car. It simply slows down and speeds up as needed to hold a selected comfort setting.

Inverter technology provides a more precise room temperature without the temperature fluctuations of fixed speed systems.
Inverter versus Standard:

# Inverter units are Approximately 30% more efficient than fixed speed units.

# Inverter units reach the set room temperature quicker.

# The speed control of the outdoor unit also means quieter operation, this is important especially at night in residential areas.

Inverter Systems

* Increased output to achieve set temperature faster.
* Then varies the output to maintain a constant room temperature.

Fixed Speed Type

* Slowly gets to temperature as output rating is fixed.
* Then turns on and off to maintain room temperature.

But?

There’s a but
To get these efficiency gains it is important to use the air conditioner as it is intended:

* the unit has to be sized right for the room you are heating/cooling
* it is best to run the unit continuously and set for the desired room temperature (i.e. such as 21 Celcius) and not at a full setting for heating or cooling (as most people do)
* and of course – a well insulated, low-thermal mass villa helps too…

The Federal Highway Administration reports evidence that crash risk increases for vehicles traveling much faster or slower than average and is lowest near the average speed of traffic. The occurrence of a large number of crashes involving turning maneuver partly explains the increased risk for motorists traveling slower than average and confirms the importance of safety programs involving turn lanes, access control, grade separation, and other measures to reduce conflicts resulting from large differences in travel speeds. When the consequences of crashes are taken into account, the risk of being involved in an injury crash is lowest for vehicles that travel near the median speed or slower and increases exponentially for motorists traveling much faster. One of the major concerns in studies is the travel speed before the crash. Emerging technology used in mayday, vehicle tracking, and adaptive speed control systems provide the opportunity to accurately and continuously capture travel speed. This technology should be applied in improving our understanding of the relationship between speed, speed variation, and safety.

When a crash occurs, its severity depends on the change in speed of the vehicle at impact. The fatality risk increases with the change in speed to the fourth power. International research indicates the change in injury crashes will be twice the percentage change in speed squared, and fatal crashes will be four times the percentage change in speed. These relationships are based mainly on speed limit and speed changes on high-speed roads. More research is needed to assess their applicability to low-speed urban roads.

In general, changing speed limits on low and moderate speed roads appears to have little or no effect on speed and thus little or no effect on crashes. This suggests that drivers travel at speeds they feel are reasonable and safe for the road and traffic regardless of the posted limit. However, on freeways and other high-speed roads, speed limit increases generally lead to higher speeds and crashes. The change in speed is roughly one-fourth the change in speed limit. Results from international studies suggest that for every 1 mi/h change in speed, injury accidents will change by 5 percent (3 percent for every 1km/h). However there is limited evidence that suggests the net effect of speed limits may be positive on a system wide basis. More research is needed to evaluate the net safety effect of speed limit changes.

Most of the speed related crashes involve speed too fast for conditions. This would suggest that variable speed limits that adjust with traffic and environmental conditions could provide potential benefits.

Despite the large number of references concerning traffic calming, very few reports include results of a systematic evaluation. In many cases traffic volumes as well as speed are reduced. As a result of the traffic diversion, crashes may be migrating to other roads. More research is needed to assess the system wide impacts and permit comparisons to be made among individual as well as combinations of traffic calming measures

To become a good player, you have to have a good foundation, which requires you use TaylorMade Rossa Itsy Bitsy Monza Spider Putter smoothly put the ball onto the direction as you wish. You should also have a desire that push the ball to the desired place but not only in the first feet but in the whole process of ball rolling. In order to effectively finish it, you need to observe the two components of TaylorMade Rossa Itsy Bitsy Monza Spider Putter namely speed and direction to determine the inflection point of path.

Some coaches said the speed is the most important factor in the TaylorMade Rossa Itsy Bitsy Monza Spider Putter, because the speed control the direction, that is to say, the faster the speed of the ball has, the chance of the ball path’s change will be smaller . In other words, the slower, more easily the direction will change.

Most amateur golfers do not spend enough time practicing Taylormade Rossa Monza Spider Balero AGSIs Putter. when they make efforts to promote some balls, it is often aimless. only when you focus there will be effect , which is the only technology to improve your game.

Here we use three speed to practice the TaylorMade Rossa Itsy Bitsy Monza Spider Putter, these methods can imporve our game from three aspects: green judgement , attention fovuses, speed control and accuracy.Put three golf balls in the place where 4 feet, just a little longer than your Ping Karsten B60 Putter, away from the ball hole. Your aim is finish the putting everyone successfully. To do this, you need to use the green recognition technology in order to identify more or less the turning point, only practicing your TaylorMade Rossa Itsy Bitsy Monza Spider Putter simply is far from enough.

Put your putter from 8 feet, 12 feet and 15 feet far from the hole then repeat this action opposite to hole direction to form different turining points.Repeat the procedure until you put succefully into 4 holes from one point. The three speed can promote the golf practice, completion time should not exceed 25 minutes, which will improve your touch and imagination, make you complete the more short or medium length putter.

If you continue to find it difficult to put, make sure make records,increase some targeted special practice.Any TaylorMade Rossa Itsy Bitsy Monza Spider Putter practice is a kind of simulation exercise  in the golf course. If you spend a lot of time  then at least two different kinds of putting skilles of the green can be gained. Any golfer who playes frequently know that every golf course stands for different challenges.

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A novel analysis of energy efficiency motors and power controllers

Voltage Control

Voltage alone can be used as a source of intelligence when the switched capacitors are applied at point where the circuit voltage decreases as circuit load increases. Generally, where they are applied the voltage should decrease as circuit load increases and the drop in voltage should be around 4 – 5 % with increasing load.

Voltage is the most common type of intelligence used in substation applications, when maintaining a particular voltage is of prime importance. This type of control is independent of load cycle. During light load time and low source voltage, this may give leading PF at the substation, which is to be taken note of. KILOVAR Control

Automatic Power Factor Control Relay

It controls the power factor of the installation by giving signals to switch on or off power factor correction capacitors. Relay is the brain of control circuit and needs contactors of appropriate rating for switching on/off the capacitors.

There is a built-in power factor transducer, which measures the power factor of the installation and converts it to a DC voltage of appropriate polarity. This is compared with a reference voltage, which can be set by means of a knob calibrated in terms of power factor.

When the power factor falls below setting, the capacitors are switched on in sequence. The relays are provided with First in First out (FIFO) and First in Last Out (FILO) sequence. The capacitors controlled by the relay must be of the same rating and they are switched on/off in linear sequence. To prevent over correction hunting, a dead band is provided. This setting determines the range of phase angle over which the relay does not respond; only when the PF goes beyond this range, the relay acts. When the load is low, the effect of the capacitors is more pronounced and may lead to hunting. Under current blocking (low current cut out) shuts off the relay, switching off all capacitors one by one in sequence, when load current is below setting. Special timing sequences ensure that capacitors are fully discharged before they are switched in. This avoids dangerous over voltage transient. The solid state indicating lamps (LEDS) display various functions that the operator should know and also and indicate each capacitor switching stage.

Intelligent Power Factor Controller (IPFC)

This controller determines the rating of capacitance connected in each step during the first hour of its operation and stores them in memory. Based on this measurement, the IPFC switches on the most appropriate steps, thus eliminating the hunting problems normally associated with capacitor switching.

Energy Efficient Motors
Minimising Watts Loss in Motors

Improvements in motor efficiency can be achieved without compromising motor performance – at higher cost – within the limits of existing design and manufacturing technology.

From the Table .1, it can be seen that any improvement in motor efficiency must result from reducing the Watts losses. In terms of the existing state of electric motor technology, a reduction in watts losses can be achieved in various ways.

All of these changes to reduce motor losses are possible with existing motor design and manufacturing technology. They would, however, require additional materials and/or the use of higher quality materials and improved manufacturing processes resulting in increased motor cost.

Energy Efficient Motor

Table 1

Thus energy-efficient electric motors reduce energy losses through improved design, better materials, and improved manufacturing techniques. Replacing a motor may be justifiable solely on the electricity cost savings derived from an energy-efficient replacement. This is true if the motor runs continuously, power rates are high, the motor is oversized for the application, or its nominal efficiency has been reduced by damage or previous rewinds. Efficiency comparison for standard and high efficiency motors is shown in Figure 2.

Fig.2

Technical aspect of energy efficiency motors

Energy-efficient motors last longer, and may require less maintenance. At lower temperatures, bearing grease lasts longer; required time between re-greasing increases. Lower temperatures translate to long lasting insulation. Generally, motor life doubles for each 10°C reduction in operating temperature.

Select energy-efficient motors with a 1.15 service factor, and design for operation at 85% of the rated motor load.

Electrical power problems, especially poor incoming power quality can affect the operation of energy-efficient motors.

Speed control is crucial in some applications. In polyphase induction motors, slip is a measure of motor winding losses. The lower the slip, the higher the efficiency. Less slippage in energy efficient motors results in speeds about 1% faster than in standard counterparts.

Starting torque for efficient motors may be lower than for standard motors. Facility managers should be careful when applying efficient motors to high torque applications.

Soft Starter

When starting, AC Induction motor develops more torque than is required at full speed. This stress is transferred to the mechanical transmission system resulting in excessive wear and premature failure of chains, belts, gears, mechanical seals, etc. Additionally, rapid acceleration also has a massive impact on electricity supply charges with high inrush currents drawing +600% of the normal run current.

Soft Starter

The use of Star Delta only provides a partial solution to the problem. Should the motor slow down during the transition period, the high peaks can be repeated and can even exceed direct on line current. Soft starter (see Figure 10.5) provides a reliable and economical solution to these problems by delivering a controlled release of power to the motor, thereby providing smooth, stepless acceleration and deceleration. Motor life will be extended as damage to windings and bearings is reduced. Soft Start & Soft Stop is built into 3 phase units, providing controlled starting and stopping with a selection of ramp times and current limit settings to suit all applications

Soft Starter: Starting current, Stress profile during starting

Advantages of Soft Start –

Less mechanical stress

Improved power factor

Lower maximum demand

Less mechanical maintenance

In 1860, a brilliant product was born. For a 200 year old product, you might think it’s extinct or unavailable. But it’s still alive and kicking in rooms of homes all around the world. Yes, it’s the product that cools your room with a gentle breeze – the ceiling fan.

For those who have been living in a cave of late, a ceiling fan is – in simpler words, a motor hung from the ceiling of any room. Attached to a base are a number of blades with the only responsibly being that of circulating the air.

Ceiling fans can add simple grace or amazing elegance to anyone’s abode, depending upon personal likes and dislikes. For more than a century now they have become almost a standard feature for anyone who wishes to control rising costs in heating and cooling.

And like so many household stuff these days, this technology has turned its head to become a remote control. Rejoice because you have no need to crawl and drag your hot sweaty body out of your sofa just to reach the ceiling fan switch on those hot scorching days anymore. Once you have bought and installed a remote control ceiling fan, all that is left is for you to pick the remote up and press the button!

These remote controls that comes with the fans are both very stylish and functions well. Some even attempt to draw your attention to far away places by engraving a palm tree on it or tempt your decor senses with cherry wood finish. Still others offer modern designs and unique patterns. A lot of controls are equipped with dimmers for fans that come with lights.

If you’re like me, you’re bound to lose your remote one of these days. Well, worry not because there’s now a general remote which can work with most of the popular brands of fans. The universal of all universals is a Westinghouse. The options on this remote are unbelievable. These remote controls are not only capable of your standard 3 speed control but also a full range of light intensity, temperature speed control, exit room timer, fan and light timers and a 50 feet operation range. Wow! It makes a splendid addition to any fan.

Well, for me, I am always wishing for the day for a ceiling fan that is voice activated. You only need to yell out,”On, High Speed, Off.” What is that old adage? “Look Ma, no hands!”

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